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Dynamo / Turbo-generator / Generator Electrical generator driven by a small steam turbine, for the headlight and other locomotive lighting. [3]: 29 Sand dome Holds sand that is directed on to the rail in front of the driving wheels to improve traction, especially in wet or icy conditions or when vegetation is on the line, and on steep gradients.
Turbo generators are used for high shaft rotational speeds, typical of steam and gas turbines. The rotor of a turbo generator is a non-salient pole type usually with two poles. [5] The normal speed of a turbo generator is 1500 or 3000 rpm with four or two poles at 50 Hz (1800 or 3600 rpm with four or two poles at 60 Hz).
Although the definitions are somewhat flexible, it can be said that older steam generators were commonly termed boilers and worked at low to medium pressure (7–2,000 kPa or 1–290 psi) but, at pressures above this, it is more usual to speak of a steam generator. A boiler or steam generator is used wherever a source of steam is required.
Steam turbines replaced reciprocating engines in power generation, due to lower cost, higher operating speed, and higher efficiency. [5] Note that small scale steam turbines are much less efficient than large ones. [6] As of 2023, large reciprocating piston steam engines are still being manufactured in Germany. [7]
The electric–steam system is also used in some small-scale model steam locomotives. [5] In September 2003 Hornby Railways released its first steam-powered 00 gauge locomotive, a scale model locomotive where the boiler is heated by electric power collected from the running rails. However mistakes in the instruction manual and video lead to ...
Before mains electricity and the formation of nationwide power grids, stationary engines were widely used for small-scale electricity generation.While large power stations in cities used steam turbines or high-speed reciprocating steam engines, in rural areas petrol/gasoline, paraffin/kerosene, and fuel oil-powered internal combustion engines were cheaper to buy, install, and operate, since ...
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Microturbines have around 15% efficiencies without a recuperator, 20 to 30% with one and they can reach 85% combined thermal-electrical efficiency in cogeneration. [2] The recuperated Niigata Power Systems 300 kW (400 hp) RGT3R thermal efficiency reaches 32.5% while the 360 kW (480 hp) non recuperated RGT3C is at 16.3%. [7]