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In trichophagia, people with trichotillomania also ingest the hair that they pull; in extreme (and rare) cases this can lead to a hair ball (trichobezoar). [10] Rapunzel syndrome is an extreme form of trichobezoar in which the "tail" of the hair ball extends into the intestines and can be fatal if misdiagnosed. [10] [18] [19] [20]
Rapunzel syndrome is an extremely rare intestinal condition in humans resulting from ingesting hair (trichophagia). [1] [2] The syndrome is named after the long-haired girl Rapunzel in the fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm. Trichophagia is sometimes associated with the hair-pulling disorder trichotillomania. [3]
Trichophagia is most closely associated with trichotillomania, the pulling out of one's own hair, and thus any symptoms of trichotillomania could be predictive of trichophagia and must be ruled out. Rarely, persons with trichophagia do not exclusively have trichotillomania and instead will eat the hair of others.
Marschall points out that although it’s a self-soothing behavior, people with trichotillomania are not choosing to pull their hair out — the behavior is a symptom of mental health issues.
Schizophrenia is a somewhat rare disease affecting approximately 3.2 million Americans in the United States. Also, in an average year, about 100,000 individuals will be diagnosed with schizophrenia. [18] In 2010, there were approximately 397,200 hospitalizations for schizophrenia in the United States.
Whereas in trichotillomania, the use of clomipramine has again been found to be effective, fluoxetine has not produced consistent positive results. Fluoxetine , however, has produced positive results in the treatment of pathological skin picking disorder, [ 4 ] [ 15 ] although more research is needed to conclude this information.
The question of how schizophrenia could be primarily genetically influenced, given that people with schizophrenia have lower fertility rates, is a paradox. It is expected that genetic variants that increase the risk of schizophrenia would be selected against, due to their negative effects on reproductive fitness .
Schizophrenia is thought to have a heritable component in some people, but many people who appear to carry schizophrenia-associated genes may not develop the disease. [13] Research has shown that schizophrenia is a polygenic disorder and that genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia is highly multifactorial , caused by the interactions of several ...
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