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Diagram of a vacuum flask Gustav Robert Paalen, Double Walled Vessel. Patent 27 June 1908, published 13 July 1909 Patent 27 June 1908, published 13 July 1909 The vacuum flask was designed and invented by Scottish scientist James Dewar in 1892 as a result of his research in the field of cryogenics and is sometimes called a Dewar flask in his honour.
A cryogenic storage dewar (or simply dewar) is a specialised type of vacuum flask used for storing cryogens (such as liquid nitrogen or liquid helium), whose boiling points are much lower than room temperature. It is named after inventor James Dewar, who developed it for his own work. They are commonly used in low-temperature physics and chemistry.
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The flasks are used to cooperate with vacuum aspirator or vacuum pumps in the vacuum filtration, or as additional security during the distillation and other processes carried out under reduced pressure. Culture flasks for growing cells are designed to improve aeration by including baffles that aid in mixing when placed on a shaker table.
The outer vessel is evacuated with the vacuum acting as a thermal insulator. The inner vessel contains the cryogen and is supported within the outer vessel by structures made from low-conductivity materials. An intermediate shield between the outer and inner vessels intercepts the heat radiated from the outer vessel.
Diagram of the vacuum filtration apparatus. By flowing through the aspirator, water will suck out the air contained in the vacuum flask and the Büchner flask.There is therefore a difference in pressure between the exterior and the interior of the flasks : the contents of the Büchner funnel are sucked towards the vacuum flask.
Cross section of a Büchner Flask. Note the hose barb pointing right for attaching a vacuum source. A Büchner flask, also known as a vacuum flask, [1] filter flask, suction flask, side-arm flask, or Bunsen flask, is a thick-walled Erlenmeyer flask with a short glass tube and hose barb protruding about an inch from its neck.
The vacuum over the sample is then replaced with an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon. The collection vessel or still receiver can then be removed and stoppered. Finally, a fresh collection vessel can be added to the system, evacuated, and linked back to the distillation system through the taps to collect the next fraction.