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During the inaugurations of Lithuanian monarchs until 1569, Gediminas' Cap was placed on the monarch's head by the Bishop of Vilnius in Vilnius Cathedral. [7] Lithuania in the present day is a representative democracy in a semi-presidential system based on popular sovereignty, as defined in the current Constitution of Lithuania, and has no ...
The Kaunas massacre of October 29, 1941, also known as the Great Action, was the largest mass murder of Lithuanian Jews. [1]By the order of SS-Standartenführer Karl Jäger and SS-Rottenführer Helmut Rauca, the Sonderkommando under the leadership of SS-Obersturmführer Joachim Hamann, and 8 to 10 men from Einsatzkommando 3, murdered 2,007 Jewish men, 2,920 women, and 4,273 children [2] in a ...
Lithuanian forces were, however, unable to prevent the devastating Mongol invasion of Lithuania in 1258–1259. [5] Treniota's influence grew as he waged a war against the Order and his priorities began to diverge from those of Mindaugas. [6] The conflict resulted in the assassination of Mindaugas and two of his sons in 1263.
Tautvilas was killed by his cousin Treniota in 1263. Some historians suggest that Tautvilas had a son, Constantine, who ruled Vitebsk, [7] however others disagree and claim that his son might have been Aigust, who was sent by Novgorod to Pskov in 1271. [8] It is assumed that Mindaugas had three wives even though nothing is known about the first ...
Stanislaw's son-in-law Louis XV supported his claims to the Polish throne after the death of Augustus II the Strong in 1733, which led to the War of the Polish Succession. On 11 September 1733, Stanisław himself arrived at Warsaw , having traveled night and day through central Europe disguised as a coachman.
Augustus III (Polish: August III Sas – "the Saxon"; Lithuanian: Augustas III; 17 October 1696 – 5 October 1763) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1733 until 1763, as well as Elector of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire where he was known as Frederick Augustus II (German: Friedrich August II).
Gediminas was born in about 1275. [10] Because written sources of the era are scarce, Gediminas' ancestry, early life, and assumption of the title of Grand Duke in ca. 1316 are obscure and continue to be the subject of scholarly debate.
Sigismund Kęstutaitis (Lithuanian: Žygimantas I Kęstutaitis, Polish: Zygmunt Kiejstutowicz; 1365 – 20 March 1440) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1432 to 1440. Sigismund was his baptismal name, while his pagan Lithuanian birth name is unknown. He was the son of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Kęstutis and his wife Birutė.