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2. LED lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_lamp

   A 230-volt LED filament lamp, with an E27 base. The filaments are visible as the eight yellow vertical lines. An assortment of LED lamps commercially available in 2010: floodlight fixtures (left), reading light (center), household lamps (center right and bottom), and low-power accent light (right) applications An 80W Chips on board (COB) LED module from an industrial light luminaire, thermally ...

3. Light-emitting diode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode

   Surface-mounted LEDs are frequently produced in chip on board (COB) arrays, allowing better heat dissipation than with a single LED of comparable luminous output. [61] The LEDs can be arranged around a cylinder, and are called "corn cob lights" because of the rows of yellow LEDs.

4. LED stage lighting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_stage_lighting

   A front view of a Stagebar LED striplight. LED stage lighting is a stage lighting technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source. LED instruments are an alternative to traditional stage lights which use halogen lamp or high-intensity discharge lamps. Like other LED instruments, they have high light output with lower power ...

5. Halogen lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen_lamp

   Halogen lamps must run at much higher temperatures than regular incandescent lamps for proper operation. Their small size helps to concentrate the heat on a smaller envelope surface, closer to the filament than a non-halogen incandescent. Because of the very high temperatures, halogen lamps can pose fire and burn hazards.

6. Light-emitting diode physics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode_physics

   The materials used for the LED have a direct band gap with energies corresponding to near-infrared, visible, or near-ultraviolet light. LED development began with infrared and red devices made with gallium arsenide. Advances in materials science have enabled making devices with ever-shorter wavelengths, emitting light in a variety of colors.

7. Lighting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighting

   The introduction of LED lighting has greatly improved this by approx. 90% when compared to a halogen downlight or spotlight. LED lamps or bulbs are now available to retro fit in place of high energy consumption lamps. Uplighting is less common, often used to bounce indirect light off the ceiling and back down. It is commonly used in lighting ...

8. Luminous efficacy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_efficacy

   Luminous efficacy can be normalized by the maximum possible luminous efficacy to a dimensionless quantity called luminous efficiency.The distinction between efficacy and efficiency is not always carefully maintained in published sources, so it is not uncommon to see "efficiencies" expressed in lumens per watt, or "efficacies" expressed as a percentage.

9. Solid-state lighting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_lighting

   Solid-state lighting (SSL) is a type of lighting that uses semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), or polymer light-emitting diodes (PLED) as sources of illumination rather than electrical filaments, plasma (used in arc lamps such as fluorescent lamps), or gas.