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In statistics, a k-th percentile, also known as percentile score or centile, is a score below which a given percentage k of scores in its frequency distribution falls ("exclusive" definition) or a score at or below which a given percentage falls ("inclusive" definition); i.e. a score in the k-th percentile would be above approximately k% of all scores in its set.
In descriptive statistics, the range of a set of data is size of the narrowest interval which contains all the data. It is calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest values (also known as the sample maximum and minimum). [1] It is expressed in the same units as the data. The range provides an indication of statistical ...
For example, 5.7 ± 0.2 may be anywhere in the range from 5.5 to 5.9 inclusive. In scientific usage, it sometimes refers to a probability of being within the stated interval, usually corresponding to either 1 or 2 standard deviations (a probability of 68.3% or 95.4% in a normal distribution ).
Also confidence coefficient. A number indicating the probability that the confidence interval (range) captures the true population mean. For example, a confidence interval with a 95% confidence level has a 95% chance of capturing the population mean. Technically, this means that, if the experiment were repeated many times, 95% of the CIs computed at this level would contain the true population ...
Boxplot (with an interquartile range) and a probability density function (pdf) of a Normal N(0,σ 2) Population. In descriptive statistics, the interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of statistical dispersion, which is the spread of the data. [1] The IQR may also be called the midspread, middle 50%, fourth spread, or H‑spread.
This characterization is used to specify intervals by mean of interval notation, which is described below. An open interval does not include any endpoint, and is indicated with parentheses. [ 2 ] For example, ( 0 , 1 ) = { x ∣ 0 < x < 1 } {\displaystyle (0,1)=\{x\mid 0<x<1\}} is the interval of all real numbers greater than 0 and less than 1 .
In statistics and probability, quantiles are cut points dividing the range of a probability distribution into continuous intervals with equal probabilities, or dividing the observations in a sample in the same way. There is one fewer quantile than the number of groups created.
(N = 20, mean = 101.5) The data below the 5th percentile lie between −40 and −5 inclusive, while the data above the 95th percentile lie between 101 and 1053 inclusive (pertinent values are shown in bold). Winsorization effectively resets the outlier values to the values of the data at the 5th and 95th percentiles.