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The femur (/ ˈfiːmər /; pl.: femurs or femora / ˈfɛmərə /), [1][2] or thigh bone, is the only bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many four-legged animals the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg. The top of the femur fits into a socket in the pelvis called the hip joint, and the bottom ...
Gross features. Bones are commonly described with the terms head, neck, shaft, body and base. The head of a bone usually refers to the distal end of the bone. The shaft refers to the elongated sections of long bone, and the neck the segment between the head and shaft (or body). The end of the long bone opposite to the head is known as the base.
The deep femoral artery is a large and important branch that arises from the lateral side of the femoral artery about 1.5 in. (4 cm) below the inguinal ligament. It passes medially behind the femoral vessels and enters the medial fascial compartment of the thigh. It ends by becoming the fourth perforating artery.
Structure. In human anatomy, the lower leg is the part of the lower limb that lies between the knee and the ankle. [5] Anatomists restrict the term leg to this use, rather than to the entire lower limb. [6] The thigh is between the hip and knee and makes up the rest of the lower limb. [5] The term lower limb or lower extremity is commonly used ...
It is the site of attachments of muscles and the intermuscular septum. Its margins diverge above and below. The linea aspera is a prominent longitudinal ridge or crest, on the middle third of the bone, presenting a medial and a lateral lip, and a narrow rough, intermediate line. It is an important insertion point for the adductors and the ...
This is what holds the head of the femur securely in the acetabulum. [2] The well-fitting surfaces of the femoral head and acetabulum, which face each other, are lined with a layer of slippery tissue called articular cartilage, which is lubricated by a thin film of synovial fluid. Friction inside a normal hip is less than one-tenth that of ice ...
Lesser trochanter. Left hip-joint, opened by removing the floor of the acetabulum from within the pelvis. Upper extremity of right femur viewed from behind and above. In human anatomy, the lesser trochanter is a conical, posteromedial, bony projection from the shaft of the femur. It serves as the principal insertion site of the iliopsoas muscle.
The femoral head's surface is smooth. It is coated with cartilage in the fresh state, except over an ovoid depression, the fovea capitis, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the femoral head, and gives attachment to the ligament of head of femur. The thickest region of the articular cartilage is at the centre of the ...