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  2. Memory effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_effect

    Memory effect, also known as battery effect, lazy battery effect, or battery memory, is an effect observed in nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries that causes them to hold less charge. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It describes the situation in which nickel-cadmium batteries gradually lose their maximum energy capacity if they are repeatedly recharged after ...

  3. Self-discharge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-discharge

    Self-discharge is a phenomenon in batteries. Self-discharge decreases the shelf life of batteries and causes them to have less than a full charge when actually put to use. [1] How fast self-discharge in a battery occurs is dependent on the type of battery, state of charge, charging current, ambient temperature and other factors. [2]

  4. Electric battery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_battery

    An electric battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections [1] for powering electrical devices. When a battery is supplying power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode. [2] The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that will ...

  5. Failure of electronic components - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failure_of_electronic...

    Electronic components have a wide range of failure modes. These can be classified in various ways, such as by time or cause. Failures can be caused by excess temperature, excess current or voltage, ionizing radiation, mechanical shock, stress or impact, and many other causes. In semiconductor devices, problems in the device package may cause ...

  6. Cutoff voltage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutoff_voltage

    additional energy extracted when fully draining to 0V. In batteries, the cut-off (final) voltage is the prescribed lower-limit voltage at which battery discharge is considered complete. The cut-off voltage is usually chosen so that the maximum useful capacity of the battery is achieved. The cut-off voltage is different from one battery to the ...

  7. Lithium–sulfur battery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium–sulfur_battery

    The lithium–sulfur battery (Li–S battery) is a type of rechargeable battery. It is notable for its high specific energy. [2] The low atomic weight of lithium and moderate atomic weight of sulfur means that Li–S batteries are relatively light (about the density of water). They were used on the longest and highest-altitude unmanned solar ...

  8. Lithium-ion battery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery

    A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li + ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are characterized by higher specific energy, higher energy density, higher energy efficiency, a longer cycle life, and a longer calendar life.

  9. Lead-acid battery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-acid_battery

    Min. −35°C, max. 45°C. The lead-acid battery is a type of rechargeable battery first invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté. It is the first type of rechargeable battery ever created. Compared to modern rechargeable batteries, lead-acid batteries have relatively low energy density. Despite this, they are able to supply high ...