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Selenium deficiency occurs when an organism lacks the required levels of selenium, a critical nutrient in many species.Deficiency, although relatively rare in healthy well-nourished individuals, [1] can have significant negative results, [2] affecting the health of the heart and the nervous system; contributing to depression, anxiety, and dementia; and interfering with reproduction and gestation.
Resmetirom, sold under the brand name Rezdiffra, is a medication used for the treatment of noncirrhotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. [1] It is a thyroid hormone receptor beta (NR1A2) agonist. [1] The most common side effects include diarrhea and nausea. [2] Resmetirom was approved for medical use in the United States in March 2024.
In Graves' disease, treatment with antithyroid medications must be given for six months to two years, in order to be effective. Even then, upon cessation of the drugs, the hyperthyroid state may recur. Side effects of the antithyroid medications include a potentially fatal reduction in the level of white blood cells.
Thyroid diseases are highly prevalent worldwide, [10] [11] [12] and treatment varies based on the disorder. Levothyroxine is the mainstay of treatment for people with hypothyroidism, [13] while people with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease can be managed with iodine therapy, antithyroid medication, or surgical removal of the thyroid ...
[98] [15] [101] A systematic review and meta-analysis of selenium trials found that while selenium reduces TPO antibodies, there was a lack of evidence of effects on "disease remission, progression, lowered levothyroxine dose or improved quality of life". [8] Selenium, [102] [8] vitamin D, [103] and metformin [104] can
Medications such as propylthiouracil and methimazole are administered to block the release of thyroxine from the thyroid and to block the damage thyroxine inflicts on muscle fiber tissue. [citation needed] One treatment option is the use of radioactive iodine which directly destroys the overactive thyroid gland.
Selenium is a cofactor for the three thyroid hormone deiodinases, helping activate and then deactivate various thyroid hormones and their metabolites. Isolated selenium deficiency is now being investigated for its role in the induction of autoimmune reactions in the thyroid gland in Hashimoto's disease . [ 162 ]
Liothyronine is a manufactured form of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T 3). [2] It is most commonly used to treat hypothyroidism and myxedema coma. [2] It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein. [2] Side effects may occur from excessive doses. [2]