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Selenium deficiency occurs when an organism lacks the required levels of selenium, a critical nutrient in many species.Deficiency, although relatively rare in healthy well-nourished individuals, [1] can have significant negative results, [2] affecting the health of the heart and the nervous system; contributing to depression, anxiety, and dementia; and interfering with reproduction and gestation.
Side effects of thyroid replacement therapy are associated with "inadequate or excessive doses." [21] Symptoms to watch for include, but are not limited to, anxiety, tremor, weight loss, heat sensitivity, diarrhea, and shortness of breath. More worrisome symptoms include atrial fibrillation and bone density loss. [21]
Thyroid hormone treatment is also included if required. Failure of some patients to respond to this first-line treatment has produced a variety of alternative treatments, including azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, chloroquine, methotrexate, periodic intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange. No controlled trials have been conducted, so the ...
In Graves' disease, treatment with antithyroid medications must be given for six months to two years, in order to be effective. Even then, upon cessation of the drugs, the hyperthyroid state may recur. Side effects of the antithyroid medications include a potentially fatal reduction in the level of white blood cells.
Thyroid diseases are highly prevalent worldwide, [10] [11] [12] and treatment varies based on the disorder. Levothyroxine is the mainstay of treatment for people with hypothyroidism, [13] while people with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease can be managed with iodine therapy, antithyroid medication, or surgical removal of the thyroid ...
Liothyronine is a manufactured form of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T 3). [2] It is most commonly used to treat hypothyroidism and myxedema coma. [2] It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein. [2] Side effects may occur from excessive doses. [2]
Selenium is a cofactor for the three thyroid hormone deiodinases, helping activate and then deactivate various thyroid hormones and their metabolites. Isolated selenium deficiency is now being investigated for its role in the induction of autoimmune reactions in the thyroid gland in Hashimoto's disease . [ 162 ]
While T3 and T4 thyroid hormones rely on MCT8 to enter several tissues such as the brain, tiratricol can enter cells independently of MCT8. [1] Once inside cells, tiratricol activates the thyroid hormone receptor in a similar way to endogenous T3. [1] The most common side effects are excessive sweating, irritability, anxiety and nightmares. [1]