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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis from the disease spectrum of axial spondyloarthritis. [5] It is characterized by long-term inflammation of the joints of the spine, typically where the spine joins the pelvis. [2] With AS, eye and bowel problems—as well as back pain—may occur. [2]
Two points are marked: 5 cm below and 10 cm above this point (for a total of 15 cm distance). Then the patient is asked to touch his/her toes while keeping the knees straight. If the distance of the two points do not increase by at least 5 cm (with the total distance greater than 20 cm), then this is a sign of restriction in the lumbar flexion. [1]
[10] Axial spondyloarthritis can be divided into two classes: Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA): This term encompasses both the early disease stage of ankylosing spondylitis, in which no radiographic changes are visible yet, as well as less severe forms of ankylosing spondylitis. Radiographic axial spondyloarthritis:
Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis in which there is long-term inflammation of the joints of the spine. [2] Other forms of arthritis may sometimes also lead to ankylosis, including rheumatoid arthritis and reactive arthritis; Osteoarthritis usually confers osteophyte formation, which may eventually fuse across joints. Osteoarthritis ...
HLA-B27 is a polymorphic form of the HLA-B molecule found in up to 95% of people with ankylosing spondylitis of European ancestry, [16] [17] 70% with reactive arthritis, [18] 60% with psoriatic spondylitis, [12] 25% with peripheral psoriatic arthritis, [17] and 70% with spondylitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a form of arthritis that primarily affects the spine, although other joints can become involved. It causes inflammation of the spinal joints (vertebrae) that can lead to severe, chronic pain and discomfort.
[10] [5] [6] The most common forms are osteoarthritis (most commonly seen in weightbearing joints) and rheumatoid arthritis. [7] Osteoarthritis usually occurs as an individual ages and often affects the hips, knees, shoulders, and fingers. [7] [11] Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that often affects the hands and feet. [7]
In some, the x-ray findings may correspond to symptoms of back stiffness with flexion/extension or with mild back pain. [2] Back pain or stiffness may be worse in the morning. [ 4 ] Rarely, large anterior cervical spine osteophytes may affect the esophagus or the larynx and cause pain , difficulty swallowing [ 5 ] [ 6 ] or even dyspnea . [ 7 ]