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Autogenic drainage is a controlled airway clearance technique using different depths of inhalation, and different speeds of exhalation that enables mucus to be moved up the airway producing a voluntary cough. This method does not require any equipment, however, it is challenging to perform and appropriate training is required. [2]
Breathing is normally an unconscious, involuntary, automatic process. The pattern of motor stimuli during breathing can be divided into an inhalation stage and an exhalation stage. Inhalation shows a sudden, ramped increase in motor discharge to the respiratory muscles (and the pharyngeal constrictor muscles ). [ 5 ]
Autogenic training is a relaxation technique first published by the German psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz in 1932. The technique involves repetitions of a set of visualisations accompanied by vocal suggestions that induce a state of relaxation and is based on passive concentration of bodily perceptions like heaviness and warmth of limbs, which are facilitated by self-suggestions.
The active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) is a flexible regimen comprising breathing control, thoracic expansion exercises and the FET, frequently combined with gravity-assisted positioning. Increasing lung volumes during thoracic expansion allows air to get behind distal secretions via collateral ventilatory channels.
Mechanical ventilation is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing. [8] This involves the use of ventilator assisted by a registered nurse , physician , physician assistant , respiratory therapist , paramedic , or other suitable person compressing a bag valve mask .
In modern portable, digital chest drainage systems, the collection chamber is integrated into the system. During the suction process, fluid will be collected in the chamber and air discharged into the atmosphere. [2] Digital chest drainage systems have many advantages compared to traditional, analogue systems:
The normal relaxed state of the lung and chest is partially empty. Further exhalation requires muscular work. Inhalation is an active process requiring work. [4] Some of this work is to overcome frictional resistance to flow, and part is used to deform elastic tissues, and is stored as potential energy, which is recovered during the passive process of exhalation, Tidal breathing is breathing ...
Postural drainage is more difficult if patients experience poor mobility, poor posture, pain, anxiety, and skin damage, usually requiring adaptations to the technique. [6] Trendelenburg position which is head down position is relatively contraindicated in patients who have uncontrolled hypertension, orthopnea , recent gross hemoptysis ...