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Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), also known as subacute spongiform encephalopathy or neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. [ 4 ] [ 1 ] Early symptoms include memory problems, behavioral changes, poor coordination, and visual disturbances. [ 4 ]
Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (June 2, 1885 – December 30, 1964) was a German neurologist and neuropathologist. [1] Although he is typically credited as the physician to first describe the Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, this has been disputed. [1] [2] [3] He was born in Harburg an der Elbe and died in Munich.
Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD), formerly known as New variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (nvCJD) and referred to colloquially as "mad cow disease" or "human mad cow disease" to distinguish it from its BSE counterpart, is a fatal type of brain disease within the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy family. [7]
Jonathan Simms (1 June 1984 – 5 March 2011) was a man from Belfast, Northern Ireland, who contracted variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) in his late teenage years. He was given a post-diagnosis life expectancy of one year, similar to that of other young people who were diagnosed in the same age bracket.
Diseases commonly associated with old age include Multiple system atrophy [16] Parkinson's disease [17] Alzheimer's disease [18] Stroke. [19] Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [20] Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease [21] Frontotemporal Dementia [22] Dementia with Lewy bodies [23] Corticobasal Degeneration [24] Transient ischemic attack; Vascular dementia
Adrenoleukodystrophy; Other names: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, ALD, X-ALD, Siemerling–Creutzfeldt disease, bronze Schilder disease: White matter, with reduced volume and increased signal intensity.
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome (GSS) is an extremely rare, always fatal (due to it being caused by prions) neurodegenerative disease that affects patients from 20 to 60 years in age. It is exclusively heritable, and is found in only a few families all over the world. [ 1 ]
Stanley Prusiner was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1997 for his work in proposing an explanation for the cause of bovine spongiform encephalopathy ("mad cow disease") and its human equivalent, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. [3]