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Both NAD + and NADH strongly absorb ultraviolet light because of the adenine. For example, peak absorption of NAD + is at a wavelength of 259 nanometers (nm), with an extinction coefficient of 16,900 M −1 cm −1. NADH also absorbs at higher wavelengths, with a second peak in UV absorption at 339 nm with an extinction coefficient of 6,220 M ...
The mitochondrial shuttles are biochemical transport systems used to transport reducing agents across the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH as well as NAD+ cannot cross the membrane, but it can reduce another molecule like FAD and [QH 2] that can cross the membrane, so that its electrons can reach the electron transport chain.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP [1] [2] or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NADPH as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source').
The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is a mechanism used in skeletal muscle and the brain [1] that regenerates NAD + from NADH, a by-product of glycolysis. NADH is a reducing equivalent that stores electrons generated in the cytoplasm during glycolysis. NADH must be transported into the mitochondria to enter the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.
The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:NADH 2'-phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase (phosphorylating) , DPNH kinase , reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide kinase , and NADH kinase .
The two substrates of this enzyme are sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and NAD +, whereas its 3 products are glycerone phosphate, NADH, and H +. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases , specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD + or NADP + as acceptor.
For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be an oxidoreductase: A – + B → A + B – In this example, A is the reductant (electron donor) and B is the oxidant (electron acceptor). In biochemical reactions, the redox reactions are sometimes more difficult to see, such as this reaction from glycolysis:
In enzymology, a NADH peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. NADH + H + + H 2 O 2 NAD + + 2 H 2 O. The presumed function of NADH peroxidase is to inactivate H 2 O 2 generated within the cell, for example by glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase during glycerol metabolism or dismutation of superoxide, before the H 2 O 2 causes damage to essential cellular components.