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STS-135 (N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide, also called 5F-APICA) is a designer drug offered by online vendors as a cannabimimetic agent. The structure of STS-135 appears to use an understanding of structure-activity relationships within the indole class of cannabimimetics, although its design origins are unclear. [1]
Researchers have pointed out a few ways that synthetic cannabinoids differ from marijuana, and therefore may be more dangerous. First, they often have greater intrinsic activity. Many of the synthetic cannabinoids are full agonists of the cannabinoids receptors, CB 1 and CB 2, compared to THC, which is only a partial agonist. [66]
It should not be confused with the amantadine analogue 4F-ABINACA. It has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products and sold as a designer drug since late 2018. [4] [5] 4F-MDMB-BINACA is an agonist of the CB1 receptor (EC 50 = 7.39 nM), [6] though it is unclear whether it is selective for this target. [7]
5F-CUMYL-PINACA (also known as SGT-25 and sometimes sold in e-cigarette form as C-Liquid) [1] is an indazole-3-carboxamide based synthetic cannabinoid. [2] 5F-CUMYL-PINACA acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with the original patent claiming approximately 4x selectivity for CB 1, having an EC 50 of <0.1 nM for human CB 1 receptors and 0.37 nM for human CB 2 receptors. [3]
Urine contained 2.1 μg/L for the metabolite, and a detection below level of quantification for MDMB-4en-PINACA itself. [ 23 ] Adulterated Cannabis products in Europe that have been laced with MDMB-4en-PINACA have contained 0.3 to 4.6 μg/mg in seized flower samples and 1.7 to 7.2 μg/mg in hash/or other extract samples.
AM-679 was one of the first 3-(2-iodobenzoyl)indole derivatives that was found to have significant cannabinoid receptor affinity, and while AM-679 itself has only modest affinity for these receptors, it was subsequently used as a base to develop several more specialised cannabinoid ligands that are now widely used in research, including the ...
AM-2201 (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole) is a recreational designer drug that acts as a potent but nonselective full agonist for the cannabinoid receptor. [3] It is part of the AM series of cannabinoids discovered by Alexandros Makriyannis at Northeastern University .
Compared to THC, which is a partial agonist at CB 1 receptors, JWH-018, and many synthetic cannabinoids, are full agonists. JWH-018 may cause intense anxiety, agitation, and in rare cases, has been assumed to have been the cause of seizures and convulsions. JWH-018 and analogs of it may present serious dangers to the user when used to excess. [22]