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Naturalistic fallacy – inferring evaluative conclusions from purely factual premises [102] [103] in violation of fact-value distinction. Naturalistic fallacy (sometimes confused with appeal to nature) is the inverse of moralistic fallacy. Is–ought fallacy [104] – deduce a conclusion about what ought to be, on the basis of what is.
A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a word or phrase that intentionally deviates from straightforward language use or literal meaning to produce a rhetorical or intensified effect (emotionally, aesthetically, intellectually, etc.). [ 1][ 2] In the distinction between literal and figurative language, figures of speech constitute the latter.
Here is an example of an enthymeme derived from a syllogism through truncation (shortening) of the syllogism: "Socrates is mortal because he's human." The complete formal syllogism would be the classic: All humans are mortal. (major premise – unstated) Socrates is human. (minor premise – stated) Therefore, Socrates is mortal. (conclusion ...
Begging the question. In classical rhetoric and logic, begging the question or assuming the conclusion ( Latin: petītiō principiī) is an informal fallacy that occurs when an argument's premises assume the truth of the conclusion. Historically, begging the question refers to a fault in a dialectical argument in which the speaker assumes some ...
Speech act. In the philosophy of language and linguistics, a speech act is something expressed by an individual that not only presents information but performs an action as well. [ 1] For example, the phrase "I would like the mashed potatoes, could you please pass them to me?"
Performative utterance. In the philosophy of language and speech acts theory, performative utterances are sentences which not only describe a given reality, but also change the social reality they are describing. In a 1955 lecture series, later published as How to Do Things with Words, J. L. Austin argued against a positivist philosophical ...
For example, in UK, people speak of "Crown property" meaning property belonging to the State. Similarly: "The White House had no comment to make." Minor premise – statement in an argument. Moral reasoning – reasoning employed in rhetoric that determines a conclusion based on evidence; used in issues of ethics, religion, economics, and politics.
Epilogue. An epilogue or epilog (from Greek ἐπίλογος epílogos, "conclusion" from ἐπί epi, "in addition" and λόγος logos, "word") is a piece of writing at the end of a work of literature, usually used to bring closure to the work. [ 1] It is presented from the perspective of within the story. When the author steps in and ...