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Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. [ 1] Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. [ 2] Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life. [ 3][ 4]
Essential amino acid. An essential amino acid, or indispensable amino acid, is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized from scratch by the organism fast enough to supply its demand, and must therefore come from the diet. Of the 21 amino acids common to all life forms, the nine amino acids humans cannot synthesize are valine, isoleucine ...
Proteinogenic amino acids are amino acids that are incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation. The word "proteinogenic" means "protein creating". Throughout known life, there are 22 genetically encoded (proteinogenic) amino acids, 20 in the standard genetic code and an additional 2 ( selenocysteine and pyrrolysine) that can ...
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Either a three letter code or single letter code can be used to represent the 20 naturally occurring amino acids, as well as mixtures or ambiguous amino acids (similar to nucleic acid notation). [1] [2] [3] Peptides can be directly sequenced, or inferred from DNA sequences. Large sequence databases now exist that collate known protein sequences.
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