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Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus. The optokinetic reflex ( OKR ), also referred to as the optokinetic response, or optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), is a compensatory reflex that supports visual image stabilization. [ 1] The purpose of OKR is to prevent image blur on the retina that would otherwise occur when an animal moves its head or navigates ...
Nystagmus is tested for. One or two beats is a normal finding. The accommodation reflex is tested by moving the target towards the patient's nose. As the eyes converge, the pupils should constrict. The optokinetic nystagmus test is optional and involves asking the patient to look at a strip of vertical lines moving horizontally across visual ...
Nystagmus. Nystagmus is a condition of involuntary (or voluntary, in some cases) [1] eye movement. [2] People can be born with it but more commonly acquire it in infancy or later in life. In many cases it may result in reduced or limited vision. [3] In normal eyesight, while the head rotates about an axis, distant visual images are sustained by ...
The vestibulo-ocular reflex. A rotation of the head is detected, which triggers an inhibitory signal to the extraocular muscles on one side and an excitatory signal to the muscles on the other side. The result is a compensatory movement of the eyes. The vestibulo-ocular reflex ( VOR) is a reflex that acts to stabilize gaze during head movement ...
Righting reflex. The righting reflex, also known as the labyrinthine righting reflex, or the Cervico-collic reflex; is a reflex that corrects the orientation of the body when it is taken out of its normal upright position. It is initiated by the vestibular system, which detects that the body is not erect and causes the head to move back into ...
Parinaud's syndrome is a constellation of neurological signs indicating injury to the dorsal midbrain. More specifically, compression of the vertical gaze center at the rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF). It is a group of abnormalities of eye movement and pupil dysfunction and is named for Henri Parinaud [ 6 ...
Here are five ways young athletes – as well as their coaches and parents – can get the most out of the postgame handshake line. Our kids' behavior is a reflection of our behavior. Use the ...
The eyes of the patient can then easily be observed for which kind (horizontal, vertical, or diagonal) of nystagmus is present, to determine which semicircular canal (horizontal, superior, or posterior) is affected. The Dix–Hallpike test is a common test performed by examiners to determine whether the posterior semicircular canal is involved ...