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Diagram of a restricted Boltzmann machine with three visible units and four hidden units (no bias units) A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) (also called a restricted Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model with external field or restricted stochastic Ising–Lenz–Little model) is a generative stochastic artificial neural network that can learn a probability distribution over its set of inputs.
[2] [3] It is a framework with wide support for deep learning algorithms. [4] Deeplearning4j includes implementations of the restricted Boltzmann machine, deep belief net, deep autoencoder, stacked denoising autoencoder and recursive neural tensor network, word2vec, doc2vec, and GloVe.
This is not a restricted Boltzmann machine. A Boltzmann machine (also called Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model with external field or stochastic Ising model), named after Ludwig Boltzmann is a spin-glass model with an external field, i.e., a Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model, [1] that is a stochastic Ising model.
After this learning step, a DBN can be further trained with supervision to perform classification. [ 2 ] DBNs can be viewed as a composition of simple, unsupervised networks such as restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) [ 1 ] or autoencoders , [ 3 ] where each sub-network's hidden layer serves as the visible layer for the next.
A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) with fully connected visible and hidden units. Note there are no hidden-hidden or visible-visible connections. A deep belief network (DBN) is a probabilistic, generative model made up of multiple hidden layers. It can be considered a composition of simple learning modules. [39]
Geoffrey Hinton developed the deep belief network technique for training many-layered deep autoencoders. His method involves treating each neighboring set of two layers as a restricted Boltzmann machine so that pretraining approximates a good solution, then using backpropagation to fine-tune the results.
The deep belief network model by Hinton et al. (2006) involves learning the distribution of a high-level representation using successive layers of binary or real-valued latent variables. It uses a restricted Boltzmann machine to model each new layer of higher level features.
With the rise of deep learning, a new family of methods, called deep generative models (DGMs), [8] [9] is formed through the combination of generative models and deep neural networks. An increase in the scale of the neural networks is typically accompanied by an increase in the scale of the training data, both of which are required for good ...