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Group 16 consists of the elements oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and the radioactive elements polonium (Po) and livermorium (Lv). [2] Often, oxygen is treated separately from the other chalcogens, sometimes even excluded from the scope of the term "chalcogen" altogether, due to its very different chemical behavior from ...
The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table. They are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). [ 1 ] The elements have very similar properties: they are all shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure .
For example, group 16 is also described as the "oxygen group" and as the "chalcogens". An exception is the " iron group ", which usually refers to group 8 , but in chemistry may also mean iron , cobalt , and nickel , or some other set of elements with similar chemical properties.
A basic oxide, also called a base anhydride (meaning "base without water"), is usually formed in the reaction of oxygen with metals, especially alkali (group 1) and alkaline earth (group 2) metals. Both of these groups form ionic oxides that dissolve in water to form basic solutions of the corresponding metal hydroxide: Alkali metals (Group 1)
Oxygen is a strong oxidising agent (O 2 + 4e → 2H 2 O = 1.23 V at pH 0). Metal oxides are largely ionic in nature. [7] Sulfur. Sulfur is a bright-yellow moderately reactive [8] solid. It has a density of 2.07 g/cm 3 and is soft (MH 2.0) and brittle. It melts to a light yellow liquid 95.3 °C and boils at 444.6 °C.
Oxygen also acts as a ligand for transition metals, forming transition metal dioxygen complexes, which feature metal– O 2. This class of compounds includes the heme proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin. [131] An exotic and unusual reaction occurs with PtF 6, which oxidizes oxygen to give O 2 + PtF 6 −, dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate. [132]
The oxide mineral class includes those minerals in which the oxide anion (O 2−) is bonded to one or more metal alloys. The hydroxide -bearing minerals are typically included in the oxide class. Minerals with complex anion groups such as the silicates , sulfates , carbonates and phosphates are classed separately.
The most reactive metals, such as sodium, will react with cold water to produce hydrogen and the metal hydroxide: 2 Na (s) + 2 H 2 O (l) →2 NaOH (aq) + H 2 (g) Metals in the middle of the reactivity series, such as iron , will react with acids such as sulfuric acid (but not water at normal temperatures) to give hydrogen and a metal salt ...