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Chloroiodomethane is used in cyclopropanation (Simmon-Smith reaction), where it often replaces diiodomethane because of higher yields and selectivity. It is also used in Mannich reaction, aminomethylation, epoxidation, ring opening and addition to terminal alkenes.
Bromodichloromethane is a trihalomethane with formula C H Br Cl 2.It is a colorless, nonflammable liquid which will dissolve in water, or evaporate in air. [1] Most of the chemical is produced through the chlorine disinfection process, [1] and as a result it can occur in municipally-treated drinking water. [2]
H 2 C=CH 2 + HBr → H 3 C-CH 2 Br. Bromoethane is inexpensive and would rarely be prepared in the laboratory. A laboratory synthesis includes reacting ethanol with a mixture of hydrobromic and sulfuric acids. An alternate route involves refluxing ethanol with phosphorus and bromine; phosphorus tribromide is generated in situ. [4]
Bromoiodomethane is a halomethane with the formula BrCH 2 I. It is a colorless liquid, although older samples appear yellow. The compound has been investigated as a reagent for cyclopropanation by the Simmons-Smith reaction, but diiodomethane and chloroiodomethane are preferred. It also occurs naturally as the result of microbial action. [1]
All three have been synthesized by various routes: 1-Bromo-2-chlorobenzene: from 2-chloroaniline, via diazotization followed by a Sandmeyer reaction [1]; 1-Bromo-3-chlorobenzene: by (3-chlorophenyl)trimethylgermanium by electrophilic substitution [2] [better source needed]
For example, the three isomers of xylene CH 3 C 6 H 4 CH 3, commonly the ortho-, meta-, and para-forms, are 1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, and 1,4-dimethylbenzene. The cyclic structures can also be treated as functional groups themselves, in which case they take the prefix "cyclo alkyl -" (e.g. "cyclohexyl-") or for benzene, "phenyl-".
Bromochloromethane or methylene bromochloride and Halon 1011 is a mixed halomethane.It is a heavy low-viscosity liquid with refractive index 1.4808.. Halon 1011 was invented for use in fire extinguishers in Germany during the mid-1940s, in an attempt to create a less toxic, more effective alternative to carbon tetrachloride.
As one of the simplest such molecules, it is often cited as the prototypical chiral compound. [2] However, since there is no synthetic route known to produce bromochlorofluoroiodomethane, the related simple chiral compound bromochlorofluoromethane is used instead when such a compound is required for research.