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Bottom–up processing is a type of information processing based on incoming data from the environment to form a perception. From a cognitive psychology perspective, information enters the eyes in one direction (sensory input, or the "bottom"), and is then turned into an image by the brain that can be interpreted and recognized as a perception ...
Bottom-up integration testing, in software testing; Top-down and bottom-up design, strategies of information processing and knowledge ordering; Bottom-up proteomics, a laboratory technique involving proteins; Bottom Up Records, a record label founded by Shyheim; Bottom-up approach of the Holocaust, a viewpoint on the causes of the Holocaust
Bottom-up processes are characterized by an absence of higher level direction in sensory processing. It primarily relies on sensory information and incoming sensory information is the starting point for all Bottom-up processing. Bottom-up refers to when a feature stands out in a visual search. This is commonly called the “pop-out” effect. [27]
This is sometimes referred to as "bottom-up" processing, as it is the properties of the stimuli which affect selection. Since things that affect pre-attentive processing do not necessarily correlate with things that affect attention, stimulus salience may be more important than conscious goals.
In the top level, information processing involves passing activations among chunk nodes by means of rules and, in the bottom level, information processing involves propagating (micro)feature activations through artificial neural networks. Top-down and bottom-up information flows are enabled by links between the two levels.
McClelland and Rumelhart's parallel processing model describes perception as the meeting of top-down (conceptual) and bottom-up (sensory) elements. In the late 1990s, the idea of top-down and bottom-up processing was translated into a computational model of vision by Rao and Ballard. [3]
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This is also known as the uniqueness point and it is the point where the most processing occurs. [10] Moreover, there is a difference in the way a word is processed before it reaches its recognition point and afterward. One can look at the process before reaching the recognition point as bottom-up, where the phonemes are used to access the lexicon.