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Epididymitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the epididymis, a curved structure at the back of the testicle. [1] Onset of pain is typically over a day or two. [1] The pain may improve with raising the testicle. [1] Other symptoms may include swelling of the testicle, burning with urination, or frequent urination. [1]
According to Prehn's sign, the physical lifting of the testicles relieves the pain of epididymitis but not pain caused by testicular torsion. [4] Negative Prehn's sign indicates no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle, which points towards testicular torsion which is a surgical emergency and must be relieved within 6 hours.
The differential diagnosis of testicular pain is broad and involves conditions from benign to life-threatening. The most common causes of pain in children presenting to the emergency room are testicular torsion (16%), torsion of a testicular appendage (46%), and epididymitis (35%). [4] In adults, the most common cause is epididymitis. [citation ...
Symptoms of orchitis are similar to those of testicular torsion. These can include: [citation needed] hematospermia (blood in the semen) hematuria (blood in the urine) severe pain; visible swelling of a testicle or testicles and often the inguinal lymph nodes on the affected side.
[4] [2] In males, the phenomenon results in an uncomfortable testicular sensation. [5] It most often describes a temporary fluid congestion in the testicles or vulva, caused by prolonged sexual arousal without orgasm. [6] [7] The term epididymal hypertension is derived from the epididymis, a part of the male reproductive system. [8]
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Varicocele might be noticed as soft lumps, usually above the testicle and mostly on the left side of the scrotum. [5] Right-sided and bilateral varicocele does also occur. Men with varicocele can feel symptoms of pain or heaviness in their scrotum. [5] Large varicoceles present as plexus of veins and may be described as a "bag of worms".
Elevation of the testicle may worsen the pain. Urinary symptoms, such as pain or increased frequency of urination are also typically absent. [7] Symptom onset often follows physical activity or trauma to the testes or scrotum. Children with testicular torsion may awaken with testicular or abdominal pain in the middle of the night or in the ...