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Nitrous oxide (dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide), commonly known as laughing gas, nitrous, or factitious air, among others, [4] is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula N 2 O. At room temperature, it is a colourless non-flammable gas, and has a slightly sweet scent and taste. [4]
Dinitrogen oxide can potentially refer to any of at least four compounds: Dinitrogen monoxide (nitrous oxide), N 2 O Dinitrogen dioxide , N 2 O 2 , an unstable dimer of nitric oxide
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide [1]) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen . Nitric oxide is a free radical : it has an unpaired electron , which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula ( • N=O or • NO).
During the daytime, NO 3 is quickly photolyzed back to NO 2, but at night it can react with a second NO 2 to form dinitrogen pentoxide. NO 2 + NO 3 (+M) → N 2 O 5 (+M). N 2 O 5 reacts rapidly with liquid water (in aerosol particles or cloud drops, but not in the gas phase) to form HNO 3, N 2 O 5 + H 2 O (liq) → 2 HNO 3 (aq)
Dinitrogen dioxide is an inorganic compound having molecular formula N 2 O 2.Many structural isomers are possible. The covalent bonding pattern O=N–N=O (a non-cyclic dimer of nitric oxide (NO)) is predicted to be the most stable isomer based on ab initio calculations and is the only one that has been experimentally produced. [1]
Nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas with a pungent, acrid odor above 21.2 °C (70.2 °F; 294.3 K) and becomes a yellowish-brown liquid below 21.2 °C (70.2 °F; 294.3 K). It forms an equilibrium with its dimer , dinitrogen tetroxide ( N 2 O 4 ), and converts almost entirely to N 2 O 4 below −11.2 °C (11.8 °F; 261.9 K).
While the first dinitrogen complex was discovered in 1965, [1] reports of dinitrogen complexes of main group elements have been significantly limited relative to their transition metal complex analogues. Examples span both the s- and p- blocks, with particular breakthroughs in Groups 1, [2] 2, [3] 13, [4] 14, [5] and 15 [6] in the periodic table.
Dinitrogen trioxide, however, has an unusually long N–N bond at 186 pm. Some other nitrogen oxides also possess long N–N bonds, including dinitrogen tetroxide (175 pm). The N 2 O 3 molecule is planar and exhibits C s symmetry. The dimensions displayed on the picture below come from microwave spectroscopy of low-temperature, gaseous N 2 O 3: [4]