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In theory, the solidus was struck from pure gold, but because of the limits of refining techniques, in practice – the coins were often about 23k fine (95.8% gold). In the Greek-speaking world during the Roman period, and then in the Byzantine economy, the solidus was known as the νόμισμα (nomisma, plural nomismata). [4]
Byzantine currency, money used in the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the West, consisted of mainly two types of coins: gold solidi and hyperpyra and a variety of clearly valued bronze coins. By the 15th century, the currency was issued only in debased silver stavrata and minor copper coins with no gold issue. [ 1 ]
Histamenon of Emperor Constantine VIII (r. 1025–1028). Histamenon (Greek: ἱστάμενον [νόμισμα], histámenon [nómisma] lit. ' standard coin ') was the name given to the gold Byzantine solidus when the slightly lighter tetarteron was introduced in the 960s.
Israeli archaeologists have hailed the discovery of 44 gold coins in a wall as a rare glimpse into the Byzantine Empire past at a time of violent conquest.
Hyperpyron of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos (r. 1143–1180), showing its typical scyphate (cup-shaped) form.. The hyperpyron (Greek: νόμισμα ὑπέρπυρον nómisma hypérpyron) was a Byzantine coin in use during the late Middle Ages, replacing the solidus as the Byzantine Empire's standard gold coinage in the 11th century.
In heraldry, a roundel of a gold colour is referred to as a bezant, in reference to the coin.Like many heraldic charges, the bezant originated during the crusading era, when Western European knights first came into contact with Byzantine gold coins, and were perhaps struck with their fine quality and purity.
The coins were minted in Constantinople (194 examples), Carthage (70 examples) and Alexandria (two examples) [23] and weigh between 4.278 and 4.534 grams [5] (the theoretical weight of the solidus is 4.55 grams). [24] The total mass of the treasure is 1,185.513 grams, or 263 solidi. [25]
Byzantine mints at the time of Justinian I (mid-6th century) The East Roman or Byzantine Empire established and operated several mints throughout its history (330–1453). ). Aside from the main metropolitan mint in the capital, Constantinople, a varying number of provincial mints were also established in other urban centres, especially during the 6th cen
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