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Classical collision attack Find two different messages m 1 and m 2 such that hash(m 1) = hash(m 2). More generally: Chosen-prefix collision attack Given two different prefixes p 1 and p 2, find two suffixes s 1 and s 2 such that hash(p 1 ∥ s 1) = hash(p 2 ∥ s 2), where ∥ denotes the concatenation operation.
The impact of collisions depends on the application. When hash functions and fingerprints are used to identify similar data, such as homologous DNA sequences or similar audio files, the functions are designed so as to maximize the probability of collision between distinct but similar data, using techniques like locality-sensitive hashing. [7]
A collision attack exists that can find collisions within seconds on a computer with a 2.6 GHz Pentium 4 processor (complexity of 2 24.1). [19] Further, there is also a chosen-prefix collision attack that can produce a collision for two inputs with specified prefixes within seconds, using off-the-shelf computing hardware (complexity 2 39). [20]
HashClash was a volunteer computing project running on the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) software platform to find collisions in the MD5 hash algorithm. [1] It was based at Department of Mathematics and Computer Science at the Eindhoven University of Technology , and Marc Stevens initiated the project as part of his ...
Up to 2 608 [20] 2 704: 2008-12-04 For a word size w between 1-64 bits, the hash provides a security claim of 2 9.5w. The attack can find a collision in 2 11w time. [21] RIPEMD-160 2 80: 48 of 80 rounds (2 51 time) 2006 Paper. [22] SHA-0: 2 80: 2 33.6 time 2008-02-11 Two-block collisions using boomerang attack. Attack takes estimated 1 hour on ...
In February 2017, the first known successful SHA-1 collision attack in practice (termed "SHAttered") was recognized. Marc Stevens was first-credited in the subsequent paper [ 6 ] along with CWI Amsterdam colleague Pierre Karpman, and researchers Elie Bursztein, Ange Albertini, Yarik Markov, Alex Petit Bianco, Clement Baisse [ 7 ] from Google .
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In cryptography, the Merkle–Damgård construction or Merkle–Damgård hash function is a method of building collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions from collision-resistant one-way compression functions. [1]: 145 This construction was used in the design of many popular hash algorithms such as MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2.