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A fire retardant is a substance that is used to slow down or stop the spread of fire or reduce its intensity. This is commonly accomplished by chemical reactions that reduce the flammability of fuels or delay their combustion. [1] [2] Fire retardants may also cool the fuel through physical action or endothermic chemical reactions.
How does fire retardant work? The long-term fire retardant, often used to steer wildfires and protect critical infrastructure or populated areas, triggers a series of events once the flames ...
Specifically, organic polymers can work as a flame retardant due to the presence of one or all three types of these elements. These atoms can be in the original polymers, or they can be incorporated by chemical modification. [15] Flame retardant materials and coatings are being developed that are phosphorus and bio-based. [21]
As of 2022, Phos-Chek LC-95A is the most used fire retardant in the world. [8] A Phos-Chek tank trailer at Ramona Airport. Phos-Chek is produced in several colors, including red, uncolored, and fugitive. The colored retardant gradually fades to an earth-tone when exposed to sunlight. [9] The red color aids aircrews in targeting drops of ...
Certain supplemental fire protection insurance may include the application of fire-retardant gel to homes during wildfire. Claimed to work "best when applied hours before a fire approaches", gel is applied using specially designed trucks by private firms. However, danger may be high and private firms may interfere with fire efforts.
Fire-retardant materials should not be confused with fire-resistant materials. A fire resistant material is one which is designed to resist burning and withstand heat. An example of a fire-resistant material is one which is used in bunker gear worn by firefighters to protect them from the flames of a burning building.
Fire retardants are not typically used to extinguish the fire, but instead are used to contain the fire, or slow it down to allow ground crews to contain it. Because of this, retardants are usually dropped in front of or around a moving fire, rather than directly on it, creating a firebreak .
This provides dramatic fire knockdown, an important factor in crash rescue firefighting. In the early 1970s, National Foam, Inc. invented alcohol-resistant AFFF technology. AR-AFFF is a synthetic foam developed for both hydrocarbon and polar-solvent materials. Polar solvents are combustible liquids that destroy conventional fire-fighting foam.
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