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One of the programs within the Roadmap, Re-engineering the Clinical Research Enterprise, called for developing rigorous and systematic infrastructure for clinical research and for translating scientific discoveries into practical applications or tools that can be used by healthcare providers. [4] PROMIS is one initiative within this program.
Valderas JM, Alonso J. Patient reported outcome measures: a model-based classification system for research and clinical practice. Qual Life Res. 2008; 17: 1125–35. Wiklund I., Assessment of patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials: the example of health-related quality of life, Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Jun;18(3):351-63.
It is a reliable nursing documentation tool for outcome and quality of care measurement for clients with mental illness. [11] The Omaha System is also a tool that can be used as a strategy to introduce and incorporate evidence-based practice in the undergraduate nursing clinical experience. [12]
One method of research for evidence-based practice in nursing is 'qualitative research': The word implies an entity and meanings that are not experimentally examined or measured in terms of quantity, amount, frequency, or intensity. With qualitative research, researchers learn about patient experiences through discussions and interviews.
As well as clinical trial use, ePRO methods may be used to support patients in regular care. An example of this is the collection of symptom data from patients undergoing chemotherapy, using handheld diaries. This allows clinic staff to monitor outpatients, and to identify the occurrence of adverse reactions that may require intervention. [18]
The PICO process (or framework) is a mnemonic used in evidence-based practice (and specifically evidence-based medicine) to frame and answer a clinical or health care related question, [1] though it is also argued that PICO "can be used universally for every scientific endeavour in any discipline with all study designs". [2]
The patient health record is the primary legal record documenting the health care services provided to a person in any aspect of the health care system. The term includes routine clinical or office records, records of care in any health related setting, preventive care, lifestyle evaluation, research protocols and various clinical databases.
Clinical data management (CDM) is a critical process in clinical research, which leads to generation of high-quality, reliable, and statistically sound data from clinical trials. [1] Clinical data management ensures collection, integration and availability of data at appropriate quality and cost.