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Through its library and subject experts, GIA acts as a resource of gem and jewelry information for the trade, the public and media outlets. [2] In 1953 the GIA developed its International Diamond Grading System and the "four Cs" (cut, clarity, color, and carat weight) as a standard to compare and evaluate the quality of diamonds. [2]
IGI is the largest laboratory for certification of diamonds and fine jewelry. [8] IGI is International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001: 2000 certified in four countries, including the United States, Canada, India and the United Arab Emirates. [citation needed]
The Gem Testing Laboratory was recognized by the International apex organization of Gem and Jewellery Trade, CIBJO. With increasing consumer awareness, the jewellery industry worldwide began to issue certifications to attest the quality of gem and diamond products. The GII started diamond certification in India in 2000. . [1]
This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and types. Minerals. There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as: A–B
Total carat weight (t.c.w.) is a phrase used to describe the total mass of diamonds or other gemstone in a piece of jewelry, when more than one gemstone is used. Diamond solitaire earrings, for example, are usually quoted in t.c.w. when placed for sale, indicating the mass of the diamonds in both earrings and not each individual diamond.
Bahia Emerald [2] Carolina Emperor, [3] [4] 310 carats uncut, 64.8 carats cut; discovered in the United States in 2009, resides in the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, US; Chalk Emerald; Duke of Devonshire Emerald
Gemstone irradiation is a process in which a gemstone is exposed to artificial radiation in order to enhance its optical properties. High levels of ionizing radiation can change the atomic structure of the gemstone's crystal lattice , which in turn alters the optical properties within it. [ 1 ]
Sapphire is a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminium oxide (α-Al 2 O 3) with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, cobalt, lead, chromium, vanadium, magnesium, boron, and silicon.