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Column chromatography in chemistry is a chromatography method used to isolate a single chemical compound from a mixture. Chromatography is able to separate substances based on differential absorption of compounds to the adsorbent; compounds move through the column at different rates, allowing them to be separated into fractions.
Chromatography columns of different types are used in both gas and liquid chromatography: Liquid chromatography: Traditional chromatography columns were made of glass. Modern columns are mostly made of borosilicate glass, acrylic glass or stainless steel. To prevent the stationary phase from leaking out of the column interior a polymer ...
Chromatography, pronounced / ˌ k r oʊ m ə ˈ t ɒ ɡ r ə f i /, is derived from Greek χρῶμα chrōma, which means "color", and γράφειν gráphein, which means "to write".". The combination of these two terms was directly inherited from the invention of the technique first used to separate biological pigme
Today, most GC columns are fused silica capillaries with an inner diameter of 100–320 micrometres (0.0039–0.0126 in) and a length of 5–60 metres (16–197 ft). The GC column is located inside an oven where the temperature of the gas can be controlled and the effluent coming off the column is monitored by a suitable detector. [1]
The design and operation of a fractionating column depends on the composition of the feed as well as the composition of the desired products. Given a simple, binary component feed, analytical methods such as the McCabe–Thiele method [5] [8] [9] or the Fenske equation [5] can be used. For a multi-component feed, simulation models are used both ...
The ends of the inner tube, that carries the vapor and condensed liquid, are open. Compared to the simple air-cooled tube, the Liebig condenser is more efficient at removing the heat of condensation and at maintaining the inner surface a stable low temperature.
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The column improves separation by providing a larger surface area for the vapor and condensate to come into contact. This helps it remain at equilibrium for as long as possible. The column can even consist of small subsystems ('trays' or 'dishes') which all contain an enriched, boiling liquid mixture, all with their own vapor–liquid equilibrium.