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Retroperitoneal bleeding is an accumulation of blood in the retroperitoneal space. Signs and symptoms may include abdominal or upper leg pain , hematuria , and shock . It can be caused by major trauma or by non-traumatic mechanisms.
Adrenal hemorrhage characteristic of the Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome has been identified in several autopsies of patients who died of sepsis secondary to capnocytophaga canimorsus infection. [8] Viruses may also be implicated in adrenal problems: Cytomegalovirus can cause adrenal insufficiency, [9] especially in the immunocompromised.
Perinephritis is an infection of the surroundings of the kidney either right or left. It can be the result of extravasated infiltration of the bacteria out of the renal pelvis (pyelonephritis) or a result of another kidney infection.
An ecchymosis is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10 mm. [2] They may occur among and or within many areas such as skin and other organs, connective tissues, bone, joints and muscle. A collection of blood (or even a hemorrhage) may be aggravated by anticoagulant medication (blood thinner).
Bleeding from a blood vessel or structure in the retroperitoneal such as the aorta or inferior vena cava into the retroperitoneal space can lead to a retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Retroperitoneal fibrosis; Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection; It is also possible to have a neoplasm in this area, more commonly a metastasis; or very rarely a ...
Initial management consists of immediate blood transfusion if the patient is in hemorrhagic shock. Classically, hemoperitoneum was an indication for emergency surgery to locate the source of bleeding and also to recover spilled blood from the peritoneal cavity and to use it for auto-transfusion if it has not been contaminated by ruptured bowel contents.
Renal cortical necrosis (RCN) is a rare cause of acute kidney failure.The condition is "usually caused by significantly diminished arterial perfusion of the kidneys due to spasms of the feeding arteries, microvascular injury, or disseminated intravascular coagulation" and is the pathological progression of acute tubular necrosis. [1]
These layers thus form two potential spaces where fluid can form, the small subcapsular space and the large perinephric space. The renal capsule is fibrous and does not easily expand. [1] Thus, even a small collection of blood in the subcapsular space can cause mass effect on the renal parenchyma. [citation needed]