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  2. Viral life cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_life_cycle

    For the virus to reproduce and thereby establish infection, it must enter cells of the host organism and use those cells' materials. To enter the cells, proteins on the surface of the virus interact with proteins of the cell. Attachment, or adsorption, occurs between the viral particle and the host cell membrane.

  3. Viral replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_replication

    It is the first step of viral replication. Some viruses attach to the cell membrane of the host cell and inject its DNA or RNA into the host to initiate infection. Attachment to a host cell is often achieved by a virus attachment protein that extends from the protein shell (), of a virus.

  4. Viral pathogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_pathogenesis

    Viral pathogenesis is the study of the process and mechanisms by which viruses cause diseases in their target hosts, often at the cellular or molecular level.It is a specialized field of study in virology.

  5. Outline of infectious disease concepts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_infectious...

    The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans.. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce.

  6. Introduction to viruses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_viruses

    Each type of protein is a specialist that usually only performs one function, so if a cell needs to do something new, it must make a new protein. Viruses force the cell to make new proteins that the cell does not need, but are needed for the virus to reproduce. Protein synthesis consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. [34]

  7. Human pathogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_pathogen

    A human pathogen is a pathogen (microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus) that causes disease in humans. The human physiological defense against common pathogens (such as Pneumocystis ) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body's normal microbiota .

  8. Bacteriophage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriophage

    At this point they initiate the reproductive cycle, resulting in lysis of the host cell. As the lysogenic cycle allows the host cell to continue to survive and reproduce, the virus is replicated in all offspring of the cell. An example of a bacteriophage known to follow the lysogenic cycle and the lytic cycle is the phage lambda of E. coli. [53]

  9. Lambda phage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_phage

    The phage particle consists of a head (also known as a capsid), [4] a tail, and tail fibers (see image of virus below). The head contains the phage's double-strand linear DNA genome. During infections, the phage particle recognizes and binds to its host, E. coli , causing DNA in the head of the phage to be ejected through the tail into the ...

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