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  2. SNi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNi

    The second step is the loss of a sulfur dioxide molecule and its replacement by the chloride, which was attached to the sulphite group. The difference between S N 1 and S N i is actually that the ion pair is not completely dissociated, and therefore no real carbocation is formed, which else would lead to a racemisation. [citation needed]

  3. Substitution reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_reaction

    The two reactions are named according tho their rate law, with S N 1 having a first-order rate law, and S N 2 having a second-order. [2] S N 1 reaction mechanism occurring through two steps. The S N 1 mechanism has two steps. In the first step, the leaving group departs, forming a carbocation (C +). In the second step, the nucleophilic reagent ...

  4. SN2 reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN2_reaction

    The name S N 2 refers to the Hughes-Ingold symbol of the mechanism: "S N" indicates that the reaction is a nucleophilic substitution, and "2" that it proceeds via a bimolecular mechanism, which means both the reacting species are involved in the rate-determining step. What distinguishes S N 2 from the other major type of nucleophilic ...

  5. SN1 reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN1_reaction

    The Hughes-Ingold symbol of the mechanism expresses two properties—"S N" stands for "nucleophilic substitution", and the "1" says that the rate-determining step is unimolecular. [1] [2] Thus, the rate equation is often shown as having first-order dependence on the substrate and zero-order dependence on the nucleophile. This relationship holds ...

  6. Nucleophilic substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleophilic_substitution

    The two main mechanisms were the S N 1 reaction and the S N 2 reaction, where S stands for substitution, N stands for nucleophilic, and the number represents the kinetic order of the reaction. [ 4 ] In the S N 2 reaction, the addition of the nucleophile and the elimination of leaving group take place simultaneously (i.e. a concerted reaction ).

  7. Energy profile (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_profile_(chemistry)

    S N 2: For an S N 2 mechanism a strongly basic nucleophile (i.e. a charged nucleophile) is favorable. In figure 11 below the rate determining step for Williamson ether synthesis is shown. [9] [10] The starting material is methyl chloride and an ethoxide ion which has a localized negative charge meaning it is more stable in polar solvents. The ...

  8. Reaction mechanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_mechanism

    This form suggests that the rate-determining step is a reaction between two molecules of NO 2. A possible mechanism for the overall reaction that explains the rate law is: 2 NO 2 → NO 3 + NO (slow) NO 3 + CO → NO 2 + CO 2 (fast) Each step is called an elementary step, and each has its own rate law and molecularity. The elementary steps ...

  9. Molecularity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecularity

    In chemistry, molecularity is the number of molecules that come together to react in an elementary (single-step) reaction [1] and is equal to the sum of stoichiometric coefficients of reactants in the elementary reaction with effective collision (sufficient energy) and correct orientation. [2]

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