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Plug-in hybrids and electric cars run off lithium-ion batteries and rare-earth element electric motors.Electric vehicles use much more lithium carbonate equivalent in their batteries compared to the 7g (0.25 oz) for a smartphone or the 30 g (1.1 oz) used by tablets or computers.
Moreover, the plug-in-hybrid formula estimates their emissions to be between about 25% to 75% lower than they really are, depending on the vehicle's battery range, according to data from ...
In April 2015, hybrid vehicles became subject to smog check requirements. [5] Although vehicles 1975 and older are not required to get a smog check, owners of these vehicles must still ensure that their emissions systems are intact. [citation needed] Anyone wishing to sell a vehicle that is over four years old must first have a smog check ...
The Clean Air Act of 1963 (CAA) was passed as an extension of the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, encouraging the federal government via the United States Public Health Service under the then-Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) to encourage research and development towards reducing pollution and working with states to establish their own emission reduction programs.
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For a plug-in hybrid, that cost jumps to $1,300 to $14,000 more than the gas-only options. As for an electric vehicle, that’ll set you back about $5,000 to $15,000 more than a gas or hybrid vehicle.
The EPA said that under its final rule, the industry could meet the limits if 56% of new vehicle sales are electric by 2032, along with at least 13% plug-in hybrids or other partially electric ...
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