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A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. [2] However, most researchers agree that there are 3 to 5 different types of rectal prolapse, depending on whether the prolapsed section is visible externally, and whether the full or only partial thickness of the rectal wall is involved.
The equivalent structure in males is the rectovesical pouch, which is the pocket formed by the reflections of the peritoneum from the rectum to the male bladder. In terms of pelvic organ prolapse, a cul-de-sac hernia is located in the posterior compartment of the pelvis.
FI may present with signs similar to rectal discharge (e.g. fistulae, proctitis, or rectal prolapse), pseudoincontinence, encopresis (with no organic cause), and irritable bowel syndrome. [ 2 ] Management
The most common signs and symptoms are bleeding, which can vary from minor to severe, rectal prolapse and incomplete evacuation (35%-76% of cases). [4] According to one report, constipation is present in about 55% of cases, but diarrhea is present in 20%–40% of cases. [ 1 ]
Most men should start getting screened when they reach 50, and Black men, people with a family history of prostate cancer, and others with a higher risk should get screened starting at 40.
This examination may show anal fissures, prolapsed hemorrhoids, internal intussusception, rectal prolapse, or other anorectal lesions. Patients with occult rectal prolapse may show heperemia and edema of the anterior (front) rectal wall, colitis cystica profunda or solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (blood, mucus, area of erythema and ulceration). [38]
Retrocolic hernia: entrapment of portions of the small intestine behind the mesocolon. Richter's hernia: a hernia involving only one sidewall of the bowel, which can result in bowel strangulation leading to perforation through ischaemia without causing bowel obstruction or any of its warning signs.
Bowel obstruction, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion. [2] [5] Either the small bowel or large bowel may be affected. [1] Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, bloating and not passing gas. [1]