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Because the GAPDH gene is often stably and constitutively expressed at high levels in most tissues and cells, it is considered a housekeeping gene. For this reason, GAPDH is commonly used by biological researchers as a loading control for western blot and as a control for qPCR.
The key criterion for the use of a housekeeping gene in this manner is that the chosen housekeeping gene is uniformly expressed with low variance under both control and experimental conditions. Validation of housekeeping genes should be performed before their use in gene expression experiments such as RT-PCR.
The following represent genes that should probably not be used for reference purposes: GUSB, [5] RPLP0, [5] TFRC, [5] GAPDH, HSP90, and β-actin. Although they were once considered as "housekeeping genes," recent data suggests that they are not as reliable as once thought. [1] [2]
Housekeeping genes and proteins, including β-Actin, GAPDH, HPRT1, and RPLP1, are often used as internal controls in western blots because they are thought to be expressed constitutively, at the same levels, across experiments.
Gene EC number Name Donor / Acceptor Name Subcellular location Abbreviation Name Symbol 1.1.1.8: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: NADH / NAD + Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD +] cytoplasmic: GPDH-C: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (soluble) GPD1 1.1.5.3: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: quinol / quinone: Glycerol-3-phosphate ...
Life expectancy in the United States is rising nearly as quickly as it fell at the start of the Covid-19 pandemic as deaths from Covid-19 and drug overdoses drop.
The eggs included in the recall were sold to 25 Costco stores starting in late November, according to the FDA. If you have the eggs, don’t eat them.
Since April, at least 65 people have tested positive for the virus — the first U.S. cases other than a single infection in 2022. Dairy cow herds in 16 states have been infected this year.