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Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. [1] Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. [ 1 ] Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure.
Epidemic typhus, also known as louse-borne typhus, is a form of typhus so named because the disease often causes epidemics following wars and natural disasters where civil life is disrupted. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Epidemic typhus is spread to people through contact with infected body lice , in contrast to endemic typhus which is usually transmitted by fleas .
In Canada alone, the typhus epidemic of 1847 killed more than 20,000 people from 1847 to 1848, mainly Irish immigrants in fever sheds and other forms of quarantine, who had contracted the disease aboard coffin ships. [41] In the United States, epidemics occurred in Baltimore, Memphis and Washington DC between 1865 and 1873, and during the US ...
The typhus epidemic of 1847 was an outbreak of epidemic typhus caused by a massive Irish emigration in 1847, during the Great Famine, aboard crowded and disease-ridden "coffin ships". Canada [ edit ]
1847 North American typhus epidemic: 1847–1848 Canada Typhus: 20,000+ [145] 1847 Southern United States yellow fever epidemic 1847 Southern United States (especially New Orleans) Yellow fever: 3,400 [146] 1847–1848 influenza epidemic 1847–1848 Worldwide Influenza: Unknown [147] 1848–1849 Hawaii epidemic of infections 1848–1849 ...
1866 Finnish typhus epidemic; 1915 typhus and relapsing fever epidemic in Serbia; B. Brill–Zinsser disease; C. Coffin ship; D. Diseases and epidemics of the 19th ...
Brill–Zinsser disease is a delayed relapse of epidemic typhus, caused by Rickettsia prowazekii.After a patient contracts epidemic typhus from the fecal matter of an infected louse (Pediculus humanus), the rickettsia can remain latent and reactivate months or years later, with symptoms similar to or even identical to the original attack of typhus, including a maculopapular rash.
A pest house, plague house, pesthouse or fever shed was a type of building used for persons afflicted with communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, cholera, smallpox or typhus. Often used for forcible quarantine , many towns and cities had one or more pesthouses accompanied by a cemetery or a waste pond nearby for disposal of the dead.