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Lenalidomide, sold under the brand name Revlimid among others, is a medication used to treat multiple myeloma, smoldering myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). [8] For multiple myeloma, it is a first line treatment, and is given with dexamethasone . [ 8 ]
In December 2005, Celgene received approval from the FDA to market Revlimid for the treatment of patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to Low- or Intermediate-1-risk MDS associated with a deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities. Focalin XR was later launched by Celgene and Novartis in 2005.
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The thalidomide molecule is a synthetic derivative of glutamic acid and consists of a glutarimide ring and a phthaloyl ring (Figure 5). [15] [16] Its IUPAC name is 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindole-1,3-dione and it has one chiral center [15] After thalidomide's selective inhibition of TNF-α had been reported, a renewed effort was put in thalidomide's clinical development.
They also have essentially 100% bioavailability and can be used for drugs that are poorly absorbed or ineffective when they are given orally. [25] Some medications, such as certain antipsychotics, can be administered as long-acting intramuscular injections. [37] Ongoing IV infusions can be used to deliver continuous medication or fluids. [38]
Medication administered via intramuscular injection is not subject to the first-pass metabolism effect which affects oral medications. Common sites for intramuscular injections include the deltoid muscle of the upper arm and the gluteal muscle of the buttock. In infants, the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh is commonly used. The injection ...
An equianalgesic chart can be a useful tool, but the user must take care to correct for all relevant variables such as route of administration, cross tolerance, half-life and the bioavailability of a drug. [5] For example, the narcotic levorphanol is 4–8 times stronger than morphine, but also has a much longer half-life. Simply switching the ...
Buccal administration is a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal (/ ˈ b ʌ k əl /) area (in the cheek) diffuse through the oral mucosa (tissues which line the mouth) and enter directly into the bloodstream.