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A closed interval is an interval that includes all its endpoints and is denoted with square brackets. [2] For example, [0, 1] means greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1 . Closed intervals have one of the following forms in which a and b are real numbers such that a ≤ b : {\displaystyle a\leq b\colon }
with domain, the range of , sometimes denoted or (), [4] may refer to the codomain or target set (i.e., the set into which all of the output of is constrained to fall), or to (), the image of the domain of under (i.e., the subset of consisting of all actual outputs of ). The image of a function is always a subset of the codomain of the ...
This is one of the reasons for which, in mathematical analysis, "a function from X to Y " may refer to a function having a proper subset of X as a domain. [note 2] For example, a "function from the reals to the reals" may refer to a real-valued function of a real variable whose domain is a proper subset of the real numbers, typically a subset ...
The term domain is also commonly used in a different sense in mathematical analysis: a domain is a non-empty connected open set in a topological space. In particular, in real and complex analysis , a domain is a non-empty connected open subset of the real coordinate space R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} or the complex coordinate space C n ...
The main objective of interval arithmetic is to provide a simple way of calculating upper and lower bounds of a function's range in one or more variables. These endpoints are not necessarily the true supremum or infimum of a range since the precise calculation of those values can be difficult or impossible; the bounds only need to contain the function's range as a subset.
The notation convention chosen here (with W 0 and W −1) follows the canonical reference on the Lambert W function by Corless, Gonnet, Hare, Jeffrey and Knuth. [3]The name "product logarithm" can be understood as follows: since the inverse function of f(w) = e w is termed the logarithm, it makes sense to call the inverse "function" of the product we w the "product logarithm".
More generally, the restriction (or domain restriction or left-restriction) of a binary relation between and may be defined as a relation having domain , codomain and graph ( ) = {(,) ():}. Similarly, one can define a right-restriction or range restriction R B . {\displaystyle R\triangleright B.}
In mathematics, the support of a real-valued function is the subset of the function domain of elements that are not mapped to zero. If the domain of f {\displaystyle f} is a topological space , then the support of f {\displaystyle f} is instead defined as the smallest closed set containing all points not mapped to zero.