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However, current literature has various definitions of both terms. Childhood blindness encompasses multiple diseases and conditions present in ages up to 16 years old, which can result in permanent blindness or severe visual impairment over time. [2] Congenital blindness is a hereditary disease and can be treated by gene therapy.
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Primary congenital glaucoma is a rare eye condition that is present at birth or develops early in childhood. It occurs due to improper drainage of the eye's fluids, which leads to increased pressure inside the eye, known as intraocular pressure.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), also called retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) and Terry syndrome, is a disease of the eye affecting prematurely born babies generally having received neonatal intensive care, in which oxygen therapy is used because of the premature development of their lungs. [2]
Diethylcarbamazine is a medication used in the treatment of filariasis including lymphatic filariasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, and loiasis. [1] It may also be used for prevention of loiasis in those at high risk. [1] While it has been used for onchocerciasis (river blindness), ivermectin is preferred. [2] It is taken by mouth. [3]
This is a partial list of human eye diseases and disorders. The World Health Organization (WHO) publishes a classification of known diseases and injuries, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems , or ICD-10.
Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a rare inherited eye disease that appears at birth or in the first few months of life. [2]It affects about 1 in 40,000 newborns. [1] LCA was first described by Theodor Leber in the 19th century.
It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the fetus. [5] Tropicamide is in the antimuscarinic part of the anticholinergic family of medications. [3] It works by making the muscles within the eye unable to respond to nerve signals. [3] Tropicamide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1960. [3]