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Pregnancy can normally occur with this type of decreased flow during the period. The incidence of infertility is the same as in women with a normal blood flow. Constitutional scanty menstruation is perhaps best explained by assuming the presence of an unusual arrangement, or relative insensitivity, of the endometrial vascular apparatus.
Hypomenorrhea is abnormally light menstrual bleeding. [13] Menorrhagia (meno = prolonged, rrhagia = excessive flow/discharge) is an abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period. [13] Metrorrhagia is bleeding at irregular times, especially outside the expected intervals of the menstrual cycle.
The bleeding is usually light, often referred to as "spotting," though a few people may experience heavier bleeding. [ citation needed ] It is estimated that breakthrough bleeding affects around 25% of combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) users during the initial 3 to 4 months of use, it then usually resolves on its own.
Leukorrhea can be confirmed by finding >10 WBC per high-power field under a microscope when examining vaginal fluid. [6] Vaginal discharge is normal, and causes of change in discharge include infection, malignancy, and hormonal changes. It sometimes occurs before an adolescent female has her first period, and is considered a sign of puberty.
Vaginal discharge is a mixture of liquid, cells, ... On average, there are approximately 10 8 to 10 9 bacteria per milliliter of vaginal discharge. [1] [4]
Hematometra develops when the uterus becomes distended with blood secondary to obstruction or atresia of the lower reproductive tract—the uterus, cervix or vagina—which would otherwise provide an outflow for menstrual blood. [2]
Vaginal bleeding in the first week of life after birth is a common observation, and pediatricians typically discuss this with new mothers at the time of hospital discharge. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] During childhood, one of the most common causes of vaginal bleeding is presence of a foreign body in the vagina which may be caused by normal self-exploration ...
Primary amenorrhea is defined as an absence of secondary sexual characteristics by age 13 with no menarche or normal secondary sexual characteristics but no menarche by 15 years of age. [3] It may be caused by developmental problems, such as the congenital absence of the uterus, failure of the ovary to receive or maintain egg cells , or delay ...