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An example of a multiview orthographic drawing from a US Patent (1913), showing two views of the same object. Third angle projection is used. In third-angle projection , the object is conceptually located in quadrant III, i.e. it is positioned below and behind the viewing planes, the planes are transparent , and each view is pulled onto the ...
Example mechanical drawing. Here is an example of an engineering drawing (an isometric view of the same object is shown above). The different line types are colored for clarity. Black = object line and hatching; Red = hidden line; Blue = center line of piece or opening; Magenta = phantom line or cutting plane line
The ISO 128 replaced the previous DIN 6 standard for drawings, projections and views, which was first published in 1922 and updated in 1950 and 1968. ISO 128 itself was first published in 1982, contained 15 pages and "specified the general principles of presentation to be applied to technical drawings following the orthographic projection methods".
CAD standards are a set of guidelines for the appearance of computer-aided design (CAD) drawings should appear, to improve productivity and interchange of CAD documents between different offices and CAD programs, especially in architecture and engineering.
Technical drawing, drafting or drawing, is the act and discipline of composing drawings that visually communicate how something functions or is constructed. Technical drawing is essential for communicating ideas in industry and engineering .
Orthographic projection (also orthogonal projection and analemma) [a] is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions.Orthographic projection is a form of parallel projection in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, [2] resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface.
ASME standards Y14.100–2004: Engineering drawing practices Y14.24–1999: Types and applications of engineering drawings Y14.3–2003: Multiview and sectional view drawings Y14.31–2008: Undimensioned drawings Y14.36M–1996: Surface texture symbols Y14.38–2007: Abbreviations and acronyms for use on drawings and related documents Y14.4M–1989
This work is regarded the standard history of engineering drawing. [14] Its first chapters deal with: Introducing shadows and projection; The fundamental nature of drawing; Representing attributes in drawings; Perspective: projection applied to pictures; Plans and multi-view drawings; Constructional drawings: sun-dialling and stone-cutting