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Measurement is usually made on a 3.15 kHz (or sometimes 3 kHz) tone, a frequency chosen because it is high enough to give good resolution, but low enough not to be affected by drop-outs and high-frequency losses. Ideally, flutter should be measured using a pre-recorded tone free from flutter.
"Wow" is slow speed (a few Hz) variation, caused by longer-term drift of the drive motor speed, whereas "flutter" is faster speed (a few tens of Hz) variations, usually caused by mechanical defects such as out-of-roundness of the capstan of a tape transport mechanism. The measurement is given in % and a lower number is better.
The horizontal axis shows frequency in Hertz. In acoustics, loudness is the subjective perception of sound pressure.More formally, it is defined as the "attribute of auditory sensation in terms of which sounds can be ordered on a scale extending from quiet to loud". [1]
Some analog tape manufacturers specify frequency responses up to 20 kHz, but these measurements may have been made at lower signal levels. [16] Compact Cassettes may have a response extending up to 15 kHz at full (0 dB) recording level. [17] At lower levels (−10 dB), cassettes are typically limited to 20 kHz due to self-erasure of the tape media.
Dynamic range (abbreviated DR, DNR, [1] or DYR [2]) is the ratio between the largest and smallest measurable values of a specific quantity. It is often used in the context of signals, like sound and light.
Bats that can detect 200 kHz cannot hear very well below 10 kHz. [25] In any case, the most sensitive range of bat hearing is narrower: about 15 kHz to 90 kHz. [25] Bats navigate around objects and locate their prey using echolocation. A bat will produce a very loud, short sound and assess the echo when it bounces back.
In telecommunication, a standard test tone is a pure tone with a standardized level generally used for level alignment of single links and of links in tandem. [ 1 ] For standardized test signal levels and frequencies, see MIL-STD-188 -100 for United States Department of Defense (DOD) use, and the Code of Federal Regulations Title 47, part 68 ...
Audiogram. An audiogram is a graph that shows the audible threshold for standardized frequencies as measured by an audiometer.The Y axis represents intensity measured in decibels (dB) and the X axis represents frequency measured in hertz (Hz). [1]