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Measurement is usually made on a 3.15 kHz (or sometimes 3 kHz) tone, a frequency chosen because it is high enough to give good resolution, but low enough not to be affected by drop-outs and high-frequency losses. Ideally, flutter should be measured using a pre-recorded tone free from flutter.
"Wow" is slow speed (a few Hz) variation, caused by longer-term drift of the drive motor speed, whereas "flutter" is faster speed (a few tens of Hz) variations, usually caused by mechanical defects such as out-of-roundness of the capstan of a tape transport mechanism. The measurement is given in % and a lower number is better.
The horizontal axis shows frequency in Hertz. In acoustics, loudness is the subjective perception of sound pressure.More formally, it is defined as the "attribute of auditory sensation in terms of which sounds can be ordered on a scale extending from quiet to loud". [1]
25.1 kHz Acoustic – G 10, the highest pitch sung by Georgia Brown, who has a vocal range of 8 octaves. 44.1 kHz: Common audio sampling frequency: 10 5: 100 kHz: 740 kHz: The clock speed of the world's first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004 (1971) 10 6: 1 megahertz (MHz) 530 kHz to 1.710 MHz: Electromagnetic – AM radio broadcasts 1 ...
Dynamic range (abbreviated DR, DNR, [1] or DYR [2]) is the ratio between the largest and smallest measurable values of a specific quantity. It is often used in the context of signals, like sound and light.
In the early 1980s, a 32 kHz sampling rate was used in broadcast (esp. in UK and Japan), because this is sufficient for FM stereo broadcasts, which have 15 kHz bandwidth. Some digital audio was provided for domestic use in two incompatible EIAJ formats, corresponding to 525/59.94 (44,056 Hz sampling) and 625/50 (44.1 kHz sampling).
High-resolution audio (high-definition audio or HD audio) is a term for audio files with greater than 44.1 kHz sample rate or higher than 16-bit audio bit depth. It commonly refers to 96 or 192 kHz sample rates. However, 44.1 kHz/24-bit, 48 kHz/24-bit and 88.2 kHz/24-bit recordings also exist that are labeled HD audio.
A full-range drive unit loudspeaker using a whizzer cone. Full-range drivers often employ an additional cone called a whizzer: a small, light cone attached to the joint between the voice coil and the primary cone. The whizzer cone extends the high-frequency response of the driver and broadens its high-frequency directivity, which would ...