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An example of eye movement over a photograph over the span of just two seconds. Eye movement includes the voluntary or involuntary movement of the eyes. Eye movements are used by a number of organisms (e.g. primates, rodents, flies, birds, fish, cats, crabs, octopus) to fixate, inspect and track visual objects of interests.
Saccades are one of the fastest movements produced by the human eye (blinks may reach even higher peak velocities).The peak angular speed of the eye during a saccade reaches up to 700°/s in humans for great saccades (25° of visual angle); in some monkeys, peak speed can reach 1000°/s. [6]
[3] [4] [5] Although microsaccades can enhance vision of fine spatial detail, [6] [7] they can also impair visual perception in that they are associated with saccadic suppression. [8] Microsaccades are also believed to be important for preventing the retinal image from fading. [9] Microsaccades are tied to complex visual processing like reading.
[1] [3] Ocular tremor is the smallest of these movements, and it often overlaps with drift. [1] [3] This makes it the most difficult fixational eye movement to measure. [1] [3] Due to these difficulties in measurement, fewer studies have been performed on ocular microtremor, [1] [3] leading to the phenomenon of ocular tremor not being well ...
Eye tracking with sufficient resolution to record fixational eye movements was developed in the 1950s. Retinal stabilization, the ability to project stabilized images on the retina, showed that retinal motion was necessary for visual perception, also in the 1950s. The field remained quiet until the 2000s, when key neurological properties of ...
The same neural integrators also generate eye position for other conjugate eye movements such as saccades and smooth pursuit. The integrator is leaky, with a characteristic leaking time of 20 s. For example, when the subject is sitting still and focusing on an object, and suddenly the light is turned off, the eyes would return to their neutral ...
For instance, in fruit flies, individual segments of the compound eye move in response to image motion, [4] whereas in mammals and several other species the entire eye moves together. In addition, OKR patterns vary across species according to whether stimuli are presented monocularly or binocularly: in most species monocular presentation of ...
The entrance pupil is typically about 4 mm in diameter, although it can range from 2 mm (f /8.3) in a brightly lit place to 8 mm (f /2.1) in the dark. The latter value decreases slowly with age; older people's eyes sometimes dilate to not more than 5–6mm in the dark, and may be as small as 1mm in the light.