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Segments of the internal carotid artery, delineated on an MRA of the head.. The internal carotid artery is a terminal branch of the common carotid artery; it arises around the level of the fourth cervical vertebra when the common carotid bifurcates into this artery and its more superficial counterpart, the external carotid artery.
The ophthalmic artery (OA) is an artery of the head.It is the first branch of the internal carotid artery distal to the carotid sinus.Branches of the ophthalmic artery supply all the structures in the orbit around the eye, as well as some structures in the nose, face, and meninges.
The head rests on the top part of the vertebral column, with the skull joining at C1 (the first cervical vertebra known as the atlas).The skeletal section of the head and neck forms the top part of the axial skeleton and is made up of the skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, and cervical spine.
[67] [68] Based on selective damage to parts of the brain and the functional effects of the resulting lesions, David Ferrier proposed that visual function was localized to the parietal lobe of the brain in 1876. [68] In 1881, Hermann Munk more accurately located vision in the occipital lobe, where the primary visual cortex is now known to be. [68]
The three major branches of the trigeminal nerve—the ophthalmic nerve (V 1), the maxillary nerve (V 2) and the mandibular nerve (V 3)—converge on the trigeminal ganglion (also called the semilunar ganglion or gasserian ganglion), located within Meckel's cave and containing the cell bodies of incoming sensory-nerve fibers.
The globe of the eye, or bulbus oculi, is the frontmost sensory organ of the human ocular system, going from the cornea at the front, to the anterior part of the optic nerve at the back. More simply, the eyeball itself, as well as the ganglion cells in the retina that eventually transmit visual signals through the optic nerve. [1]
The skull bone behind Hermansen’s right eye was gone. In its place was a hole, allowing her brain to press against the eye, which explained the pulsating, said Dr. Netanel Ben-Shalom, a ...
The brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system are connected with organs that have smooth muscle, such as the heart, bladder, and other cardiac, exocrine, and endocrine related organs, by ganglionic neurons. [8] The most notable physiological effects from autonomic activity are pupil constriction and dilation, and salivation of saliva. [8]