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t. e. Phrenology or craniology (from Ancient Greek φρήν (phrēn) 'mind' and λόγος (logos) 'knowledge') is a pseudoscience that involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits. [1][2] It is based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific ...
An earlier use of the term was in 1843 by the French physiologist François Magendie, that refers to phrenology as "a pseudo-science of the present day". [ 3 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ] During the 20th century, the word was used pejoratively to describe explanations of phenomena which were claimed to be scientific, but which were not in fact supported by ...
Franz Joseph Gall or Franz Josef Gall (German: [gal]; 9 March 1758 – 22 August 1828) was a German neuroanatomist, physiologist, and pioneer in the study of the localization of mental functions in the brain. Claimed as the founder of the pseudoscience of phrenology, [1] Gall was an early and important researcher in his fields.
Osho believed human consciousness is in a hierarchy from basic animal instincts to intelligence and intuition, and humans being constantly living in that [ambiguous] conscious state often moving between these states depending on their affinity. He suggests that living in the state of intuition is one of the ultimate aims of humanity.
The first is the theory of modularity. Stemming from phrenology, this theory supports functional specialization, suggesting the brain has different modules that are domain specific in function. The second theory, distributive processing, proposes that the brain is more interactive and its regions are functionally interconnected rather than ...
Phrenology has been a cultural factor in the Latter Day Saint movement (informally Mormons) since around the time of its founding in 1830. [1] Phrenology is a pseudoscience which involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits. [3] [4] Developed in the 1790s, it became widely popular in the United States in the 1830s and ...
Edinburgh Phrenological Society. The Society's former museum in Chambers Street, Edinburgh bears sculpted portraits of prominent figures in the field of phrenology. The last recorded meeting of the Society took place in 1870. The Society's museum closed in 1886. The Edinburgh Phrenological Society was founded in 1820 by George Combe, an ...
The Annals of Phrenology. The Boston Phrenological Society was formed in 1832 upon the death of a prominent continental phrenologist, Johann Gaspar Spurzheim. Spurzheim was an anatomist and a former pupil of Franz Josef Gall. [1] Spurzheim's brief tour and death popularized phrenology in the United States outside of its controversial place in ...