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The 3C-like protease (3CL pro) or main protease (M pro), formally known as C30 endopeptidase or 3-chymotrypsin-like protease, [2] is the main protease found in coronaviruses. It cleaves the coronavirus polyprotein at eleven conserved sites. It is a cysteine protease and a member of the PA clan of proteases.
t. e. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) [2] is a strain of coronavirus that causes COVID-19, the respiratory illness responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. [3] The virus previously had the provisional name 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), [4][5][6][7] and has also been called human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19 or ...
The name "coronavirus" is derived from Latin corona, meaning "crown" or "wreath", itself a borrowing from Greek κορώνη korṓnē, "garland, wreath". [8][9] The name was coined by June Almeida and David Tyrrell who first observed and studied human coronaviruses. [10]
SARS-related coronavirus is a member of the genus Betacoronavirus (group 2) and monotypic of the subgenus Sarbecovirus (subgroup B). [13] Sarbecoviruses, unlike embecoviruses or alphacoronaviruses, have only one papain-like proteinase (PLpro) instead of two in the open reading frame ORF1ab. [14] SARSr-CoV was determined to be an early split-off ...
COVID-19 is the deadliest pandemic in US history; [361] it was the third-leading cause of death in the US in 2020, behind heart disease and cancer. [362] From 2019 to 2020, US life expectancy dropped by 3 years for Hispanic Americans, 2.9 years for African Americans, and 1.2 years for white Americans. [363]
Spike glycoprotein is a class I fusion protein that contains two regions, known as S1 and S2, responsible for these two functions. The S1 region contains the receptor-binding domain that binds to receptors on the cell surface. Coronaviruses use a very diverse range of receptors; SARS-CoV (which causes SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (which causes COVID-19 ...
The Gamma variant (P.1) [a] was [6][7] one of the variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. [8] This variant of SARS-CoV-2 has been named lineage P.1 and has 17 amino acid substitutions, ten of which in its spike protein, including these three designated to be of particular concern: N501Y, E484K and K417T. [4][9] It was first ...
Omicron (B.1.1.529) is a variant of SARS-CoV-2 first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) by the Network for Genomics Surveillance in South Africa on 24 November 2021. [10][11] It was first detected in Botswana and has spread to become the predominant variant in circulation around the world. [12]