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The Marshall Court began in 1801, when President John Adams appointed Secretary of State John Marshall to replace the retiring Oliver Ellsworth.Marshall was nominated after former Chief Justice John Jay refused the position; many in Adams's party advocated the elevation of Associate Justice William Paterson, but Adams refused to nominate someone close to his intra-party rival, Alexander Hamilton.
This is a partial chronological list of cases decided by the United States Supreme Court during the Marshall Court, the tenure of Chief Justice John Marshall from February 4, 1801 through July 6, 1835.
The Judiciary Act of 1789. Under the Articles of Confederation, there were no general federal courts or crimes. [1] [2] Although the Articles authorized a federal court to punish "piracies and felonies committed on the high seas," [3] and the Congress of the Confederation in 1775 created the Court of Appeals in Prize Cases, [2] [4] Congress soon devolved this power to the states. [1]
More (1805), as well as the Court's disclaiming the authority to issue writs of habeas corpus to prisoners detained pursuant to a post-conviction criminal sentence in Ex parte Kearney (1822) and Ex parte Watkins (1830).
Sims' Lessee v. Irvine (1799) was the first Supreme Court decision to discuss aboriginal title (albeit briefly), and the only such decision before the Marshall Court. The Court found ejectment jurisdiction over certain lands, notwithstanding the defendant's claim (in the alternative to the claim that the defendant himself held title) that the lands were still held in aboriginal title because:
John Marshall (September 24, 1755 – July 6, 1835) was an American statesman, jurist, and Founding Father who served as the fourth chief justice of the United States from 1801 until his death in 1835.
Circuit riding was one of the responsibilities of U.S. Supreme Court justices during the Marshall Court (1801–1835). Under the Judiciary Act of 1801, the United States federal judicial districts were divided into six (and later seven) United States circuit courts—one for each justice.
It includes United States Supreme Court cases that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. Cases of the Supreme Court of the United States decided by the Marshall Court , the period during the tenure of Chief Justice John Marshall (1801–35).