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Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication.As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia by chemically reducing the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous iron.
Bath treatment can either be short-term (a "dip") or long-term (from a few hours to 12 or 24 hours or longer). [ 1 ] A number of medications and water treatments are used in this way.
New methylene blue (also NMB) [clarify] is an organic compound of the thiazine class of heterocycles. It is used as a stain and as an antimicrobial agent. It is classified as an azine dye, and the chromophore is a cation, the anion is often unspecified.
Allergic-like reactions and methemoglobinemia have been documented after the use of methylene blue dye in chromopertubation. [9] These reported symptoms vary from blue discoloration of body fluids to anaphylactic shock. [10] Methemoglobinemia is a blood disorder that can potentially result in various levels of cyanosis. [11]
[4] [12] [14] [17] [27] Therapeutic alternatives with similar clinical performance are listed for some medicines and they may be considered for national essential medicines lists. [17] [18] The 9th Essential Medicines List for Children was updated in July 2023. [23] [28] Note: An α indicates a medicine is on the complementary list. [4] [14] [17]
The original sources of azure B (one of the oxidation products of methylene blue) were from polychromed methylene blue solutions, which were treated with oxidizing agents or allowed to naturally age in the case of Romanowsky. [3] [13] Ernst Malachowsky in 1891 was the first to purposely polychrome methylene blue for use in a Romanowsky-type stain.
Methyl blue is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C 37 H 27 N 3 Na 2 O 9 S 3.It is used as a stain in histology, [1] and stains collagen blue in tissue sections. It can be used in some differential staining techniques such as Mallory's trichrome stain and Gömöri trichrome stain, and can be used to mediate electron transfer in microbial fuel cells.
The aqueous solution in the classical reaction contains glucose, sodium hydroxide and methylene blue. [14] In the first step an acyloin of glucose is formed. The next step is a redox reaction of the acyloin with methylene blue in which the glucose is oxidized to diketone in alkaline solution [6] and methylene blue is reduced to colorless leucomethylene blue.
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